Branches of geology :

Geology can be divided into several fields, which can be mainly grouped under physical and historical geology.
Physical Geology
Physical geology includes:

Mineralogy - the study of the chemical composition and                              structure of minerals.
Petrology - the study of the composition and origin of                               rocks.
Geomorphology - the study of the origin of landforms and                                   their modification by dynamic                                                     processes.
Geochemistry - the study of the chemical composition of                                 earth materials and the chemical changes                               that occur within the earth and on its                                       surface.
Geophysics - the study of the behavior of rock materials in                         response to stresses and according to the                               principles of physics.
Sedimentology - the science of the erosion and deposition                               of rock particles by wind, water, or ice.
Structural geology - the study of the forces that deform the                                     earth's rocks and the description and                                       mapping of deformed rock bodies.
Economic geology - the study of the exploration and                                                 recovery of natural resources, such as                                     ores and petroleum.
Engineering geology - the study of the interactions of the                                            earth's crust with human-made                                                  structures such as tunnels, mines,                                            dams, bridges, and building                                                        foundations.
Historical Geology
Historical geology deals with the historical development of the earth from the study of its rocks. Historical geology includes : 

Paleontology - the systematic study of past life forms.

 Stratigraphy, of layered rocks and their interrelationships.

 Paleogeography, of the locations of ancient land masses and their boundaries; and

 Geologic mapping - the superimposing of geologic information upon existing topographic maps.

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